Transforming organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Transforming organizations - Essay Example All the theories of organizational development aim toward improving individual organizations. Such a notion of organizational development differs considerably from the traditional techniques of organizational change. This paper aims at answering the various questions related to organizational development and the traditional methods. Traditional, Pragmatic and scholarly forms of transforming organizations The traditional systems of organizational change emphasize mainly on identifying the problems arising in an organization and then making efforts to make changes to the factors that are creating such problems. It is an endeavor to bring about changes in isolated behaviors that are responsible for certain unwelcome outcomes. It does not pay much attention to the cooperative action of the managers as well as the employees at the different hierarchical levels to solve the problems. Traditionalists argue that the long established values that human beings possess should be the driving forc e of OD. It should be based on equality, faith and collaboration (Trends within OD and Their Impact on OD’s Future, 2012). The pragmatic forms relate to the growing demands for professionalization and emphasizes on relevance. They desire that OD should create a common body of knowledge, describe the minimum level of aptitude and introduce regulatory infrastructure. The scholarly forms of OD are based on the ability to understand, predict and control change. They are more inclined towards creating knowledge and figure out proactively how change is triggered and under what circumstances it works effectively. These differences are illustrated in Figure 1 (See Figure 1 in Appendix B). Changes in the methods of organizational development There are different forms of organizational development in terms of both theoretical and philosophical grounds. These different practices of organizational development have emerged, according to general thinking, as a result of a shift in the awar eness of people and their acceptance of the new theories and more importantly because, these new theories become effective in practice. They throw light on new ways of improving effectiveness of the organizations alongside staying true to the humanistic value base of the organizational development (Bushe & Marshak, 2009, p. 349). The form of OD that is prevalent and is commonly found to be explained in OD textbooks is the Diagnostic OD. Contrary to this, a new form of OD is followed by the organizations that have been named as the Dialogic form of OD. In the foundational theory of OD, organizations are believed to adapt to their outside environment similar to the way employees adapt to the internal environment of the organization. The Diagnostic OD refers to the process of collecting data for making comparisons between a team or company against a given prescriptive model. Methodologies in this process include classical research, socio-technical analysis of systems, survey feedback, SWOT analysis and effective team development. These are incorporated into the methods of problem solving and action planning. The central aspect of this form of OD lies in the assumption that the objective data can be used in the process of social discovery. The classical system of organizational development pushes people to think of companies as an assortment of structures that co-evolve with their environment and adapt to it. However the emerging practices of orga

Inaugural addresses by U. S. Presidents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inaugural addresses by U. S. Presidents - Essay Example Kennedy was worried over the present status of affairs where nations are overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, including the deadly nuclear weapons. It makes Kennedy insisting that â€Å"Let both sides [America and its allegories]...formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations† (Kennedy, 1961). Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, former American presidents like Kennedy, agrees with disarmament saying that America’s ultimate aim is to eliminate all nuclear weapons from the world. Regarding the handling of the these weapons, Kennedy recommend that it would be better for the nations to use these weapons ‘to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors’ (Kennedy, 1961). Kennedy’s remarks on disarmament bring to us the historical importance of the 1960s which marked its indelible mark with America’s exploration in Vietnam that tolled the lives of thousands of people. Balance of Power is â€Å"a distribution of military and economic power among nations that is sufficiently even to keep any one of them from being too strong or dangerous† (yourdictionary.com, 2010). Most of the world nations shore up balance of power as a means to regulate the arm race. It is quite evident from the inaugural addresses of majority of the American presidents indicating the real requisite of balance of power. The former president Ronald Regan reveals America’s plan to reduce the number of nuclear weapons concurrently with Soviet Union (Regan, 1985). Bush and Clinton also were of the same opinion concerning the regulation of nuclear weapons and maintaining balance of power. The words of former president, George W. Bush (2001) unveil America’s policy with regard to balance of power when he says, â€Å"American remains engaged in the world by history and by choice, shaping a balance of

Evolution of Baking and Pastry Making

Evolution of Baking and Pastry Making SYNOPSIS The purpose of this project was to understand the evolution of baking and pastry making. How it has evolved throughout time, what changes and techniques came that helped in the development of this field and how this profession today is one of the most important professions in the food industry. INTRODUCTION Baking is one of the cooking methods in which the food is baked in ovens using dry heat. Breads are the most commonly baked products, but many other food items can also be baked. When the heat travels from the surface to the centre of the products like cakes, cookies or breads, it forms a stiff crust and a spongy centre and converts the batter or dough’s into baked goods. A combination of baking and barbecue can be created by either cooking twice or one before the other. Masonry oven is one of the concept of baking which is similar to smoke pit concept of barbecuing, therefore baking and barbecuing can be related. Originally baking was done by women at home for their own consumption, then later on men started working in bakeries and restaurants and started baking for local consumption, as the time passed and technologies changed and big machines came into the market the production was industrialized and hence baking was later done by large machines and in huge factories. Breads being the common food are economically as well as culturally very important therefore the nutritive values have to be kept in mind. A professional, baking goods is known as a baker. EVOLUTION OF BAKERY AND PASTRY ARTS WHAT IS BAKING? Cooking by dry heat method in large ovens is known as baking. Apart from cakes, breads and pastries; meats, vegetables, poultry and fish can also be baked. (Adams, 2013) Baking can be done by three methods: Dry Baking The water content in the food rises and forms a steam, the dry heat of the oven and the steam formed combine to cook the food. Example: Pastries, Cakes, and Baked Jacket Potato. Bain Marie While baking, the food is placed in a water container because of which the heat in the oven modifies resulting the slow cooking of food which ensures that the food is not over cooked or over heated. Increased Humidity Baking Humidity of the oven is increased either by placing a bowl of water in the oven or by injecting steam, resulting in the increase of water content in the food and hence the quality of the food is improved. (Anon., 2012) HOW DID IT START? The evidence of baking first took place when the wild grass grains were soaked in water and then everything was mixed together and mashed into a broth like paste. Cooking of this paste was done by pouring it on a flat hot rock and was cooked till it resulted in a bread like substance. Roasting this paste on hot embers made bread making easier, since it could be made any time fire was created. Yeast was previously being used to brew beers, but Ancient Egyptians started using it to bake breads. The art of baking bread began around 600 BC in Ancient Greece which led to an invention of enclosed ovens. The art baking bloomed in the Roman Empire. The occupation of pastry cook was known as the Pastillarium. It was the most respected line of work as pastries were considered most decent, and Romans loved to eat them in festivals and loved to celebrate with them. Hence the baking of pastries started on special occasions and especially for large banquets. Whenever a new treat was invented by any pastry chef they were highly rewarded. Number of pastry chefs increased in Rome during 1 AD. There were 300 pastry chefs at that time. Romans had their own mills to grind grain flour and baked bread in ovens with chimneys. (Gisslen, 2005) BAKING IN MIDDLE AGES Baking as a profession totally disappeared after the collapse of the Roman Empire. It slowly came back in the latter part of middle age as an important business in the service of upper class. Bread making was no more done by homemakers it was continued by professional bakers since the constant tending of the ovens was required. Ovens were usually disconnected from the building due to the possibility of fire, they were generally outside of the city walls. Guilds were setup in France in the 12th century and were called tameliers or sifters, there job was to sift the flour that was sent to them. During that time there were 62 guilds, and they were granted the ownership of manufacturing breads but not beyond the borderlines of Paris. When the bran is sifted with coarse sieves only some part of the bran is removed, white flour is made by sifting the bran with finer sieves which removes either parts of the bran or whole bran. The yield of the white flour is lower since most of the grain is removed while sifting hence the white flour was more expensive. In 1650 CE bakers started buying sifted flour from the mills. The weight, quality and cost of the breads were specifically decided by the royal decree. The loaves which were not of the appropriate weight were confiscated and then given away to the poor. Insurance against illness was also provided by the guilds: each day a loaf or two were handed over to a hospital and priority hospitalization for free was in return guaranteed. Free breads were supplied to the executioner and were placed upside down by the baker who supplied it to them. They were kept upside to ensure the other customers that the hands of the executioner will not get in contact with any other loaves. People started believing that it was inauspicious to keep the bread loafs upside down hence giving rise to a superstition. The word tameliers was soon replaced by Boulanger which comes from the Picardy word Boulenc. The literal meaning of the word Boulanger is ‘one who makes round bread’. (Gisslen, 2005) (Gisslen, 2009) MODERN BAKING AND TECHNOLOGY The time of great technical progress stared in the nineteenth century. With the development of automatic machines the task of the manual labor reduced and because of the development the bakers could perform many more tasks with the machines. Roller Milling was the most important technological development. Before this development milling of grains was done by grinding them between two stones, then the resultant flour had to be bolted of sifted numerous times in order to separate the bran. The manual labor process was very slow and took lot of time but after the invention of Roller Milling the process became more efficient and faster. New availability of flours was another important development of that period, they were grown in the wheat growing areas of North-America. They were higher in proteins than compared to those grown in Northern Europe. This wheat was exported to Europe which led to large-scale production of white breads. Many more technologies developed in the twentieth century. New types of ovens and refrigerators came. Air transportation also played a huge role in the development of baking and pastry making. Transpiration of fresh ingredients around the world became more convenient. Many ingredients that were once rare and expensive are now easily available and reasonably priced because of the Preservation Techniques. Preparation and processing of food can now be done before shipping on behalf of bakeshops and food operations as modern food preservations technology have made it possible. Hence convenience foods have come into existence. Cooking styles and eating habits have changed because of these developments. Evolution of cooking and baking has been going on for hundred years and still continues to. In the later parts of the twentieth century, travelling around the world became easy hence immigrants traveled in Europe and North America, which led to the increase in the taste and awareness for regional dishes. Knowledge about different cuisines grew among the chefs apart from the traditional cuisines of other parts of Europe they learned about the cuisines of Asia, Latin America, and of many more different regions. Different techniques and ingredients of more than one regional cuisine came in use in a single dish and came to be known as Fusion Cuisine, this cuisine can at times yield poor results as it does not belong to any one culture and gets to mixed up. Fusion cuisine was true in 1980s as the idea was fresh and new. (Gisslen, 2009) CONCLUSION The evolution of baking has took centuries to perfect, from the ages of the wild grass paste to the modern ways of bread making machinery. Slowly some of the technique are moving out of the scenario with raising health issue and concerns .People are moving out of the heavy fats and oils, moving into more of lighter fats and healthier flour. The future of baking will me more innovative ovens, healthier and whole grain breads and innovations in the bakeries organizations. LIST OF REFERENCES Adams, A., 2013. Baking. [Online] Available at: http://dairyfreecooking.about.com/od/dairyfreeglossary/g/baking.htm [Accessed 3 january 2014]. Anon., 2012. The Food Tchnology Website. [Online] Available at: http://www.netcomuk.co.uk/~media/bake.htm [Accessed 2 January 2014]. Gisslen, W., 2005. Professional Baking. 4th ed. Hoboken, NEw Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc.. Gisslen, W., 2005. Professional Baking. 4th ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc.. Gisslen, W., 2009. Professional Baking. 5th ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc.. Gisslen, W., 2009. Professional Baking. 5th ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc..

Morrisons Bluest Eye Essay: The American Way -- Bluest Eye Essays

The Bluest Eye: The American Way  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Ownership, class structures, and consumerism go hand in hand. Morrison illustrates this throughout the novel and in the characters' identities. Many of the characters identify themselves based on material possessions: the simple ownership of a car, the use of consumer products, and property ownership. Although African Americans may take these things for granted now, in the early 1900's this would be considered a major accomplishment. There is an apparent contradiction of class status among the characters illustrating how beauty determines social stratification. Morrison places each person in the class hierarchy based on how close they are to the white standard of beauty. The Fishers, the white family Pauline is employed by, are at the top of the class stratification. The only upper middle class family is white and they are the ultimate model of the blonde and blue eyed standard. Rosemary, whom the girls also have a tinge of jealousy for, is on the same class level as Frieda and Claudia, except that her Italian features classify her as white. Rosemary's phenotype is white yet she is also a minority. In the opening scene of the novel she is "sitting in a 1939 Buick eating bread and butter." Claudia and Frieda are characterized as envious: We stare at her, wanting her bread, but more than that wanting to poke the arrogance out of her eyes and smash the pride of ownership that curls her chewing mouth. (12) Morrison opens the novel with a feeling of envy, because she is depicting how consumerism and ownership evoke competition. Each character wants to be superior to the others. Rosemary views herself as better than the African American girls because bla... ... Bluest Eye (New York: Washington Press, 1970). Susan Willis, "I Shop Therefore I Am: Is There a Place for Afro-American Culture in Commodity Culture?" in Changing Our Own Words: Essays on Criticsm, Theory and Writing by Black Women, ed. Charyl A. Wall (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1989): 173-95. Elizabeth House, "Artist and the Art of Living: Order and Disorder in Toni Morrison's Fiction," Modern Fiction Studies 34(1998):27-44. Bessie W. Jones, "An Interiew with Toni Morrison," in The World of Toni Morrision, ed. Bessie Jones and Audrey Vinson (Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt, 1985). Robert Stepto, " `Intimate Things in a Place': A Conversation with Toni Morrison," in Chant of Saints: A Gathering of Afro-American Literature, Art, and Scholarship, ed. Michael S. Harper and Robert B. Stepto (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1979).   

Moral hazards in financial system

Loans and the Housing Bubble Burst A moral hazard in economics is where someone takes a risk that they wouldn't normally take because they know that the consequences of that risk not paying off will be paid by somebody else. The case we will be discussing will be the housing bubble burst and it relates to the topic because lenders took great risks lending money to people that could not afford it knowing their banks were too big to fail and he government would have to bail them out.To begin this case we must first give a brief summary. After the dot. Com bubble burst of 2000 and the attacks on the US on September 11 the US economy was at a great risk of going into a recession. Central banks around the world including our federal reserve tried to stimulate the economy by reducing interest rates. This made a lot of people see the opportunity to make money and they started taking on riskier investments like for example buying houses that they knew they couldn't afford hoping to flip it i n a couple of years and make a great deal of money.Lenders saw this as an opportunity to make money as well by lending all this money but they did It with high risk approving people with supreme credit that would normally never get approved for these loans. Consumers kept this trend going and every year more and more supreme mortgages were being Initiated until 2006 when the housing bubble anally burst.The result was more foreclosures per year than had ever been seen before in the US and many lenders and hedge funds having to declare bankruptcy or need government ball outs. Moral hazards in financial system By caricaturing this as an opportunity to make money as well by lending all this money but they did it more supreme mortgages were being initiated until 2006 when the housing bubble need government bail outs.

How Successful Can The Management Of Fragile Environments Be?

How successful can the management of fragile environments be, given the constant and increasing demand for their exploitation? A fragile environment is an area where the flora and fauna have adapted to a specific climate and evolved to occupy many different niches due to extremely high competition for resources. Furthermore due to the constant abiotic conditions, specialisation and symbiotic relationships have occurred to such a degree that even the slightest ecological or environmental disruption cannot be accommodated, meaning individual habitats and ecosystems can be easily destroyed.This combination of specialisation and interdependence increases the overall fragility and vulnerability of this biome Fragile environments can be exploited in different ways, and for different reasons. For example the Amazon Rainforest, an equatorial tropical rainforest biome, has been significantly exploited for its agricultural potential and natural resources; cattle ranching, soya bean and palm oi l plantations, mining and timber. The most significant consequence of these forms of exploitation is deforestation.There are many management strategies to combat deforestation, popular choices are; legislation, ecotourism, selective logging and various tree regeneration schemes. In this essay I will assess the extent to which these management schemes are successful in terms of sustainability and environmental effectiveness, in light of inevitable increasing anthropogenic pressures on tropical biomes around the world. Firstly it is important to identify how fragile environments are exploited and for what gain. If we look at the Amazon Rainforest, one of the major forms of exploitation is land for cattle ranching.Vast expanses of the rainforest are deforested to make way for grassland to rear cattle. This form of exploitation was responsible for 80% of all Amazonian deforestation in 2009, due to the ever increasing global demand for beef as a new wave of middle classes emerge from dev eloping nations with a first world diet. Large soya bean plantations run by major agricultural TNC’s like Cargill in the Amazon increase its land for plantations at rates of 1. 3 million hectares every year. Brazil is one of the world’s top producers of soya bean.The expansion of this market is driven by low transportation costs from improved infrastructure (both in and out of the Amazon) and increasing international demands for livestock feed where China is one of the main consumers, due to rapid economic growth (9% annually) and high demand from its emerging middle classes. The creation of huge mechanised soy monocultures has already been the sole cause of 21 million hectares of deforested rainforest in Brazil and 80 million hectares from the Amazon as a whole, since the early 1970’s.While these industries stated above as well as mining and logging have contributed to 240,000km2 of deforestation in the Amazon, the hunting for bush meat by native Amazonian trib es has put considerable pressure on rainforest fauna. Since the late 1990’s Brazilian Amazon local people consume between 2. 2 to 5. 4 million primates each year. This process is unsustainable as the primates reproduce at a much slower rate than they are consumed. Moreover some of these primates are endangered, meaning reproduction is inherently slower.There is often a conflict of interests between the exploitation and conservation of fragile environments. Thus in order for a fragile environment to be managed successfully a balance must be established. However, in reality this can be difficult to achieve. It is often the case that many countries depend on natural resources from fragile environments for income and trade on the global markets thus making fragile environments an integral part of their economy. This is the case with many LEDC’s, who are reluctant to stop exploiting their activities for fear it will result in economic decline and slower development.In Brazi l for example, much of the mining industry that takes place in the Amazon brought in $9 billion to the country in 2006. Moreover it can be a misunderstanding that most people, who exploit fragile environments like through mining in the Amazon, are doing so out of choice. As most locals have no other viable alternative to generate income for their families. Furthermore indigenous peoples often receive little education regarding global affairs and may not recognise the need for conservation. In addition it is rare that a single fragile environment is endemic to one country, as they often span over several territories.A good example is the Amazon rainforest which lies within Brazil, holding 60% of the forest, Peru 13%, Columbia 10% and with Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana also holding small amounts. This makes it difficult to establish a uniform strategy across the whole are, and made harder still by low funds available for conservation in many of these countries. One of the more popular forms of conservation management is conservation reserves that protect biodiversity and ensure its population lives  sustainably with their environment.One example of such a scheme is the Central Amazon Conservation complex in the Brazilian Amazon. Established in 2003, it brings together four reserves in the Amazon; Jau National Park, Anavilhanas Ecological Station, Mamiraua Reserve and Amana reserve, a total area of 49,000 km2. Sustainable development reserves have protected areas from developments that could have seriously damaged the CACC. Dams, pipelines, mines and commercial logging projects have all been prevented from entering the area.These reserves have improved biodiversity and caused a 100% increase in the black caiman population, and a 300% increase in the pirarucu fish. Economic Alternatives Programs promote sustainable activities whereby local people who make goods from the forest’s natural resources can sell directly to buye rs without going through ‘middle men’ who charge a commission. Thus ensuring a decent income, preventing any local farmers giving up land to major commercial agricultural firms, where the land is likely to be deforested and indigenous communities displaced.Overall the economics alternative program has reduced poverty, increasing household incomes by 50-99%. However this protecting such a large area can be difficult. The vastness of the area means it is majorly understaffed, thus making the control and regulation of illegal activities difficult. Only 100 volunteer guards and 150 employed members of staff are present in the Amana and Mariraua reserves – combined area of 2,490,000 hectares of land. The size of the protected areas and the number of staff available makes it is very difficult to prevent access into the reserves.In Jau National park, an area of 2,272,000 hectares, there’re only 4 permanent members of staff. Thus fish and turtle poaching remains a n unresolved problem. As populations increase around peripheral settlements, more stress is put on it to satisfy the demands of the populations, for example many towns in the heart of the rainforest suffer from intensive poaching of primates and manatees. Overall it may seem that despite efforts, and indeed success, of implementing such conservation schemes, may decrease in effectiveness following growing demand for the Amazons resources from increasing population pressure.Ecotourism is also a popular way of generating income for the local people as well as promoting conservation. It is a popular method of generating income in developing countries without billion dollar investments. Local people can act as guides or be providers of transport and accommodation – creating a source of income. The environmental low impact theme and conservation awareness can potentially bring in public and private investment. In addition it is a more environmentally friendly form of employment co mpared to other occupations such as logging and commercial agriculture.Plus if the country makes the economic transition from a manufacture to service sector economy, the government will have an indirect economic incentive to conserve the environment through promoting ecotourism. Ecotourism has already proved to be an economic, environmental and social success. For example, Costa Rica has been pumping in US$1. 6 million annually since 2000 from ecotourism, resulting in jobs for local people and 25% of its land under government protection. GNP per capita rose from $1500-$2000 between 1978 and 1992.The village of Tortuguero, Costa Rica, a satellite settlement to the Talamancan national park took a survey which indicated that 88% were highly satisfied with the multiplier effects from ecotourism in the park; such as local employment empowerment and government funding into building eco lodges on old farmland in the village; attracting tourists to spend in their local economy. However, th ere are cases where ecotourism has not benefitted the local community or the country as a whole.It is often the case that an ecotourism service is provided by an international agent, whereby revenue is repatriated overseas, away from the local community. Moreover even if the service is provided by host nation companies, the jobs can be seasonal, menial and in most cases, low paid. The influx of wealth and foreign exchange can shift political and economic conditions to make the country or area dependant on tourism as opposed to domestic economic practises. This induces a degree of instability to the industry, making it vulnerable to sudden economic change, such as the global financial crisis in 2008.This can create a lack of demand and subsequent economic decline in the area and ultimately forcing the local population into occupations that unsustainably exploit natural resources. In conclusion, it is can be said with a degree of confidence that most schemes are beneficial to an exten t. Land which is protected, conserved and managed sustainably outweighs the possible environmental damage that can occur due to poor management and lack of funding towards the scheme. Moreover it is the schemes which involve the local community that have the biggest potential to be successful.Managing the environment whereby its inhabitants are able to reap the full economic benefits of its natural resources allows; growth, development and investment into the local economy – Thus resulting in a self-sustaining operation. However, as world population is not yet set to peak until 2050, the pressure on the environment and demand for resources is only set to increase. It is also worth noting that in the light of possible changes to our global climate system in the coming decades there will be an even greater threat to the Earth’s fragile environments.With the effects of anthropogenic induced climate change causing more extreme weather, the constant abiotic factors that hav e shaped our fragile environments across the globe face a deadly, permanent change. If we are to preserve any type of fragile environment at all, it could be argued that a universal effort to reduce our carbon footprint would be the most successful long term scheme to ensure the survival of the Earth’s biodiversity.

Understanding Equivalent Equations in Algebra

Understanding Equivalent Equations in Algebra Equivalent equations are systems of equations that have the same solutions. Identifying and solving equivalent equations is a valuable skill, not only in algebra class, but also in everyday life. Take a look at examples of equivalent equations, how to solve them for one or more variables, and how you might use this skill outside a classroom. Key Takeaways Equivalent equations are algebraic equations that have identical solutions or roots.Adding or subtracting the same number or expression to both sides of an equation produces an equivalent equation.Multiplying or dividing both sides of an equation by the same non-zero number produces an equivalent equation. Linear Equations With One Variable The simplest examples of equivalent equations dont have any variables. For example, these three equations are equivalent to each other: 3 2 54 1 55 0 5 Recognizing these equations are equivalent is great, but not particularly useful. Usually an equivalent equation problem asks you to solve for a variable to see if it is the same (the same root) as the one in another equation. For example, the following equations are equivalent: x 5-2x -10 In both cases, x 5. How do we know this? How do you solve this for the -2x -10 equation? The first step is to know the rules of equivalent equations: Adding or subtracting the same number or expression to both sides of an equation produces an equivalent equation.Multiplying or dividing both sides of an equation by the same non-zero number produces an equivalent equation.Raising both sides of the equation to the same odd power or taking the same odd root will produce an equivalent equation.If both sides of an equation are non-negative, raising both sides of an equation to the same even power or taking the same even root will give an equivalent equation. Example Putting these rules into practice, determine whether these two equations are equivalent: x 2 72x 1 11 To solve this, you need to find x for each equation. If x is the same for both equations, then they are equivalent. If x is different (i.e., the equations have different roots), then the equations are not equivalent. For the first equation: x 2 7x 2 - 2 7 - 2 (subtracting both sides by same number)x 5 For the second equation: 2x 1 112x 1 - 1 11 - 1 (subtracting both sides by the same number)2x 102x/2   10/2 (dividing both sides of the equation by the same number)x 5 So, yes, the two equations are equivalent because x 5 in each case. Practical Equivalent Equations You can use equivalent equations in daily life. Its particularly helpful when shopping. For example, you like a particular shirt. One company offers the shirt for $6 and has $12 shipping, while another company offers the shirt for $7.50 and has $9 shipping. Which shirt has the best price? How many shirts (maybe you want to get them for friends) would you have to buy for the price to be the same for both companies? To solve this problem, let x be the number of shirts. To start with, set x 1 for the purchase of one shirt. For company #1: Price 6x 12 (6)(1) 12 6 12 $18 For company #2: Price 7.5x 9 (1)(7.5) 9 7.5 9 $16.50 So, if youre buying one shirt, the second company offers a better deal. To find the point where prices are equal, let x remain the number of shirts, but set the two equations equal to each other. Solve for x to find how many shirts youd have to buy: 6x 12 7.5x 96x - 7.5x 9 - 12 (subtracting the same numbers or expressions from each side)-1.5x -31.5x 3 (dividing both sides by the same number, -1)x 3/1.5 (dividing both sides by 1.5)x 2 If you buy two shirts, the price is the same, no matter where you get it. You can use the same math to determine which company gives you a better deal with larger orders and also to calculate how much youll save using one company over the other. See, algebra is useful! Equivalent Equations With Two Variables If you have two equations and two unknowns (x and y), you can determine whether two sets of linear equations are equivalent. For example, if youre given the equations: -3x 12y 157x - 10y -2 You can determine whether the following system is equivalent: -x 4y 57x -10y -2 To solve this problem, find x and y for each system of equations. If the values are the same, then the systems of equations are equivalent. Start with the first set. To solve two equations with two variables, isolate one variable and plug its solution into the other equation. To isolate the y variable: -3x 12y 15-3x 15 - 12yx -(15 - 12y)/3 -5 4y (plug in for x in the second equation)7x - 10y -27(-5 4y) - 10y -2-35 28y - 10y -218y 33y 33/18 11/6 Now, plug y back into either equation to solve for x: 7x - 10y -27x -2 10(11/6) Working through this, youll eventually  get x 7/3. To answer the question,  you could apply the same principles to the second set of equations to solve for x and y to find that yes, they are indeed equivalent. Its easy to get bogged down in the algebra, so its a good idea to check your work using an online equation solver. However, the clever student will notice the two sets of equations are equivalent without doing any difficult calculations at all. The only difference between the first equation in each set is that the first one is three times the second one (equivalent). The second equation is exactly the same.

English Sample Thesis Essays

English Sample Thesis Essays English Sample Thesis Essay English Sample Thesis Essay English Sample Thesis: Such universal values explored in Frankenstein and Blade Runner do not change over time, it is merely our perceptions The dangers of knowledge and science in the hands of flawed and short-sighted humans Frankenstein * 19th Century = Age of enlightenment, Romanticism, Shelley points out the dangers of man’s obsession with immortality and how it blinds Frankenstein of his morals * Throughout Frankenstein, the reader is left with the feeling that Victors obsessive desire to defeat nature, through the creation of another life, directly led to the many tragedies that befell him, Learn from me, if not by my precept, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow. * Victor – Idyllic Childhood Romanticism/nature * Obsession with Collapse of morality and humanity to the point where the defin ition of what it means to be human is not defined Life, although it may only be an accumulation of anguish, is dear to me, and I will defend it.. (pg 100) Questions about the ambivalent nature of Batty’s role within the film are again raised by his final battle with Deckard. On a physical level Batty is far superior to the Blade Runner indeed his fair colouring almost mimics the Aryan ideal of a ‘superhuman’. However, as Deckard hangs off the edge of the building, Batty chooses to save his life and gives him his hand. This one deliberate act, done in the full knowledge of his own approaching death adds an element of tragic poignancy to the scene, further complicating the notion of the archetypal ‘villain’. Frankenstein and Blade Runner deal with similar content but in very different ways Due to their difference in context, Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein and Ridley Scott’s film Blade Runner convey similar timeless values in very different ways. Both composers critique society’s pursuit for knowledge and scientific development by questioning man’s right to play god. The collapse in morality of man is also pointed out as society is becoming increasingly governed by materialism to the extent where the definition of what it means to be human is superficial. The never ending pursuit for knowledge and scientific advancement is critiqued by Shelley in Frankenstein as she shows us the dangerous consequences of man’s attempt to play god. Walton’s longing for the â€Å"country of eternal light† represents the ideals of the Age of Enlightenment, with the light symbolising knowledge and the optimistic tone representing eighteenth-century scientific rationalists’ trust in knowledge as a pure good. It is this value that Shelley challenges through Frankenstein’s pursuit of the secret of life and ultimately, the creation of the monster. His thirst for power is revealed through his [insert language technique here], â€Å"a new species would bless me as its creator and source† which ultimately blinds him into an obsession to play God. Frankenstein’s cautionary tone as he warns Walton of â€Å"how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow†, demonstrates to us the values of Romanticism in the eighteenth century, where one’s bond with nature will lead to a happiness unattainable by knowledge. Shelley also questions man’s challenging of the religious paradigm of the time, where life was a God given quality, by showing us the devastating effects of playing god through Frankenstein’s realisation of his actions as the monster comes to life, â€Å"the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart†. Imagery is used to highlight the beauty with which Frankenstein saw science, but also the encroachment and ugliness of the monster, which in itself, is an extended metaphor for Industrialisation. The ultimate consequence of his lust for knowledge is the eventual destruction of everyone close to him by the monster as he laments through a defeated and remorseful tone, â€Å"William, Justine, and Henry-they all died by my hands†. Thus Shelley shows us the devastating consequences of the blind pursuit of knowledge and obsession with playing God. The danger of scientific development without any thought is also evident in Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner. However, Blade Runner’s portrayal of this notion is different from Frankenstein’s as the setting is utilized far more to establish the destructive nature of blind advancement in science. Written during a time of radical improvements in technology and science, the 1980’s film is the exaggerated and evolved consequence of Frankenstein’s actions. The mise-en-scene of the opening sequence uses a panoramic long shot of a hellish city with flames engulfing the nightscape accompanied by a bleak atonal sound track of synthesized instruments to show us the negativity of a world dominated by technology and science. Similar to Frankenstein, Tyrell plays God through creation of life, known as Replicants and his superiority is portrayed through the set design of his bedroom, where the fluorescent lighting from the candles create an almost spiritual atmosphere and the symbolism of chess, where he is the master chess player. His blindness to his creations’ needs is highlighted through the recurring motif of eyes. The size of his glasses and his death by eye gouging are used to exaggerate how he has become blinded by power and greed and how similarly, mankind will fall to their demise from their continual short-sightedness to not only genetic engineering, but also globalisation and materialism which were prominent at the time. Furthermore, the juxtaposition of vibrant billboard advertisements of Coca-Cola against the bleakness of the artificial landscape emphasise on how corporations are becoming increasingly dominant which can be seen as an exaggerated reflection of the massive growth of industry in the 1980s. And it is this difference in context which causes Scott to demonstrate the similar dangers of scientific and technological advancement without consideration of its effects to Shelley yet in a very different way. Shelley points out man’s collapse of morality in actions which has led to a superficial definition to what it means to be human. The benevolent nature of humans is pointed out through the Romantic imagery of Frankenstein’s parents as they are described as feeling a â€Å"necessity, a passion† to act as a â€Å"guardian angel to the afflicted. However, Victor’s obsession to knowledge and science resulted in a collapse of morals and he rejects his creation simply from its appearance, â€Å"Unable to endure†¦I rushed out of the room†¦I sought to avoid the wretch† which shows us how society has defined human based on appearance. However, the monster himself does display intrinsic human qualities, which is demonstrated by the use of an aphora as he empathises, â€Å"when they were unhappy, I felt depressed; when they rejoiced, I sympathized in their joys†. And such honest and pure attributes are what allows him to be accepted by the blind old man, â€Å"I am blind and cannot judge of your countenance, but there is something in your words which persuade me you are sincere†. The blindness of the old man symbolises a literal blindness to superficiality which shows us that traditionally humans were defined by their understanding nature. However, Safie, Agatha and Felix, whom represent the future generation, do judge the monster by his appearance and treat him as exactly that, demonstrated through the rhetorical question and their reactions, â€Å"Who can describe their horror and consternation on beholding me? Agatha fainted, Safie, rushed out of the cottage†¦Felix†¦tore me from his father†. And it is through this collapse of morals of mankind over time which has led to a superficial definition of what it means to be human. Scott also demonstrates how man’s degradation of morals has resulted in a superficial definition of what it means to be human. The humans in Blade Runner are even more lacking in empathy and compassion compared to those in Frankenstein, highlighting on how human relationships have deteriorated. Tyrell’s lack of concern for the Replicants is emphasised through his blunt tone as he remarks, â€Å"commerce is our goal† showing us that he only cares about money. He even labels Rachael as â€Å"an experiment, nothing more† as a close-up shot shows no signs of emotion, reinforcing how man’s lack of morals has changed our definition of what it means to be human. Society’s lack of compassion is further demonstrated through the aftermath of Deckard shooting Zhora, a replicant, with the mechanical and emotionless tone in â€Å"move on, move on† in conjunction with a medium shot portraying crowds simply walking on, showing no sign of concern. In direct contrast, Leon’s shocked facial expression shows that he, a Replicant, attains the human qualities that not even humans have which ironically shows us how Tyrell’s slogan â€Å"more human than human† is a reality with respect to the mental and emotional capacities of the Replicants. This notion is further resonated through Roy’s moving monologue on the beauties of life that will be lost in time comparing them in simile like â€Å"tears in rain† after saving Deckard in a last act of compassion. Similar to Frankenstein’s monster, the Replicants hold human qualities that not even humans hold, yet they are treated as products that can be discarded at will. Through this, Scott questions our definition of what it means to be human as a consequence of our collapse in morality.

August Wilson and Racism Essay Sample

Ever since the civil war. African Americans have been fighting to keep an equality with everyone else. They weren’t merely contending to sit at a certain topographic point on a coach. or the right to vote. They wanted to be treated like human existences. There were certain people that basic human rights were awarded to at birth. they merely got them. Others. human rights are still being fought for. and it’s a barbarous. bloody battle. Recently. the battles have been a little more subtle-African Americans aren’t contending for their right to travel to the same schools as Whites. but they are still cognizant that are people that don’t think they should hold those rights. Womans are still contending for their right to do every bit much as work forces. Homosexual twosomes are contending tooth and nail for the right to acquire married. It seems. in America. there ever has to be a clip where person is being oppressed. When August Wilson was composing his dramas. he focused on the African American civilization in America. and how they were oppressed. and besides how their civilization was different from the civilization that we’re used to now. Fences follows Troy Maxon. a in-between elderly black adult male. who is married to Rose. and has three kids. each from different adult females. Troy is enraged that. being an African American. he can’t drive the refuse trucks at work-even though he can non read. and doesn’t even hold his driver’s licence. He doesn’t look to be a bad individual. at bosom. He gives Lyons. his boy from his first matrimony. money whenever he asks. but the money does non come without a monetary value. Troy complains to Lyons that he is neer traveling to acquire the money back. although. subsequently on in the drama. we do see Lyons pay his male parent back. His friend. Bono. begins oppugning Troy. because he thinks Troy is holding an matter with Alberta. a adult female from Tallahassee. We shortly find out that Bono’s leery are true-Alberta gets pregnant. and so gives birth to. Troy’s 3rd kid. Raynell. Troy’s dreams were dashed when he was immature. because he went to gaol. and hence wasn’t able to prosecute a calling in baseball. Because his life was. fundamentally. ruined. he turns to believing semblances that he comes up with in his ain caput. He seems to hold given up on his ain life. accepted his destiny and what will neer be. He talks lovingly about what could hold. but in world neer would hold happened to him if he had neer gone to imprison. The one thing that Troy seems to be able to make right is accept duty for things that he has to-he takes attention of his married woman and his childs. even the bastard 1. The reader is forced to hold a love/hate relationship with Troy. He takes attention of his household. yes. but he besides forces them to be responsible. stating his boy Lyons to acquire a ‘real job’ alternatively of being a instrumentalist. and his other boy Corey to give up on seeking to go a football star. but meanwhile. he goes away and has an matter. In The Piano Lesson. a brother and a sister battle over what to make with an old household heirloom. a piano. Boy Willie. the brother. wants to sell it and purchase the land that his household were slaves on. The sister. Bernice. wants to maintain it. The inquiry August Wilson wanted to inquire with this drama was ‘what is your bequest. and what do you desire to make with it? ’ African Americans didn’t have much in the manner of bequests up until late. After they were slaves. it was difficult for them to happen steady occupations and really get anything that they could go forth behind. Two Trains Runing focal points on the migration of inkinesss to up north. There was less blazing racism. yes. but many African Americans weren’t used to populating in metropoliss. much more used to the rural South. As inkinesss moved into the metropoliss. Whites moved out. go forthing vicinities that were bulk black. One ensuing country. called the Hill District. was a culturally active country. A resturant proprietor reminisces about how his resturant used to see much more concern. We find out that his edifice is traveling to be seized by the metropolis. and he is nervous as to what monetary value he’s traveling to acquire for it. Sterling. a immature adult male merely released from gaol. shows exitement over an approaching mass meeting. something that Memphis. the resturant proprietor. is contemptuous about. August Wilson addresses many jobs in these three dramas. but. non merely that. he examines black civilization with a critical oculus. He looks at the jobs in black civilization itself. non merely the jobs in society about black civilization. He doesn’t do his supporters flawless African American work forces. with evil. white scoundrels. Sometimes. the scoundrel is the African American themselves. but. since they are a creative activity of society’s problems. whose mistake is it. truly?

Literary Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literary - Research Paper Example Chopin’s sotry tells the readers about a husband’s suffocating grip on a woman’s life. In the story, the husband has not been presented in a direct negative light; rather a husband’s care and kindness for a wife ironically prove to be harmful for a wife. The irony lies in the fact that in a patriarchal society, no matter how much a husband tries to be kind like Mrs. Mallard’s husband in â€Å"Story of an Hour†, they are â€Å"the patriarchal annihilators of the women’s freedom† (Cunningham 52). Chopin does not tell her readers anything clearly about why the heroine of the story cannot explain her complacence and ecstasy at her husband’s death. Rather the author simply presents a small fragment of a woman’s life that provokes a reader to read the story as a sequel to his or her own real life. Obviously Chopin’s story will be endowed with a greater meaning, if Mrs. Mallard’s forbidden joy of independenc e is perceived in a real life setting. In a real life setting, Mrs. Mallard is like most other common women who, having no economic independence, cannot but depend on their husbands. Therefore, they are compelled to obey their husbands while suppressing their own desires (Stein 31; Deneau 211). Indeed, it is the patriarchal society that keeps them away from any self-supporting activities; that wants them to be loyal to their husband, and that punishes them and also endows the male counterparts with a power to reprimand and punish their wives in cases of the violation of the behavior codes that women are expected to follow. Also it is the patriarchal society that can confine women within the four walls of their husbands’ house. Nicole Smith refers to Mrs. Mallard’s confinement as following: â€Å"The world outside of her own bedroom is only minimally described, but the world inside of her mind is lively and well described by the narrator. The window outside of her room is alive and vibrant like her mind, while everything about her physically is cloistered† (1). In such a patriarchal setting, Mrs. Mallard is really lucky enough to get a husband like Brently who is kind and loving to her. So Mrs. Mallard know that she should not feel the joy at her husband’s possible death. Yet she cannot but feel â€Å"the ecstasy since her joy at the death of husband as an imposer of restriction is far more higher than her sorrow at the death of husband as a sympathizer† (Stein 28-9). In her story, Chopin deals with the same story of a woman’s lack of freedom in a round-about way. In contradiction to others’ expectation Mrs. Mallard senses the gush of complacent freedom hearing the news of her husband’s death. She feels sad. But concurrently she also feels the complacence at her oncoming freedom, as the narrator describes Mrs. Mallard’s joy in the following manner: â€Å"There was something coming to her and she wa s waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name† (Chopin, â€Å"Story of an Hour†). At the news of Bentley’s death, she feels the prospect of living a life of enormous freedom and joy. But since in patriarchy a woman is not accustomed to express herself freely, she fears even to acknowledge the source of mirth and ecstasy. Though â€Å"she was striving to beat it back with her will† (Chopin, â€Å"the Story of an Hour†), she fails to do so. Indeed it is her self-realization and her acknowledgement that the death of her husband and the prospect of

Norman Rockwells Paintings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Norman Rockwells Paintings - Essay Example The paper "Norman Rockwell’s Paintings" explores the artworks of Norman Rockwell. Rockwell believes that although one of the student stares outside the window as a sign of individualism, they will be attentive and focussed children. The drawing is all inspiring because it communicates idealism. The painting portrays a learning experience for students, teachers, and adult learners. The artist had an insightful observation of Russian classroom experience of school children in the 1960s (Marina Forbes. Russian education system). The artist reflects what he observed during his visit and his amusement with what he saw in the Soviet Union. This encouraged him to think about the events and inspired other students in all classes. It is also an inspiration to teachers and parents on how children can on their own stay focused.Hall believes that the painting is a portrait of the problems we daily live with and has been embraced as a civil rights’ important symbol. It acted as a re membrance when the United States Supreme Court declared the racial segregation unconstitutional. The painting has a young determined black girl who is going to school under escort. This symbolizes victory on the black race following the court verdict that it is unconstitutional for a state law to establish separate public schools for blacks and whites. This brings out Norman as a supporter of equality and tolerance. The painting shows the declaration by Norman that the federal Supreme Court stated firmly that segregation is illegal.

Caribbean history Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Caribbean history - Research Paper Example Preceding the European invasion, Caribbean region was densely inhabited with millions of native people. The period starting in 1492 realized a sudden influx of explorers that caused the natives to almost face a total extermination. Following this period, only a few native Indians survived, most of who relocated to the mountains far from European control (Beckles, & Verene, 3- 6). Here they intermingled with Africans escapees and other colonial rebels. The speedy decline of native Caribbean matched with the initial importation of slaves from Africa. Trans-Atlantic slave trade played the greatest role in these relocations, as it brought close to 11 million Africans to the Americas. Out of these African slaves, over 40percent were taken to the Caribbean were they greatly shaped the region's culture and population. This work explores the gradual changes that characterized the Caribbean slave societies as they struggled to oppose their enslavement and secure their freedom. The purpose of this paragraph is to detail various modes of resistance developed in plantation societies by field, domestic, and skilled slaves as well as the evolution of maroon societies. African fight against enslavement and captives’ revolt against the slavery conditions were a common reaction. According to the enslavers, ‘slaves were notoriously lazy and ill disposed to labor’ which suggest daily resistances as ubiquitous. (Beckles, & Verene, 12)The forms of resistances depicted by the enslaved Africans included: runaways, day to day resistance, adaptation and conspiracy. ‘RUN AWAYS’ Taking off was considered a common and most frequent act of resistance displayed by the enslaved throughout the slavery era in the Caribbean. In taking off, slaves in this region peacefully opposed their enslavement. This presented a gross mistake of subordination in the eyes of the slave masters who regarded every successful escape as serious failure in security. In addition, the act of running away depicted erosion of discipline which was established to maintain control and order among the enslaved. ‘Run aways’ caused the slave owners serious inconveniencies, while on the other side carried no negative implication on stability of the slave society (Beckles, & Verene, 65). In essence, ‘run aways’ served to deny the enslavers the much needed labor and at the same time signal those who remained behind to assert their power , thought to have significant impact on economic activities. The fact that all enslaved peoples needed freedom above all other things is no secret; the only puzzle remained on the issue of how one would accomplish such a desire. Individuals who successfully ran from their captures later came together on their own to form what is commonly referred as maroon communities (Engerman, Seymour and Robert, 23). . DAY –TO- DAY RESISTANCE The purpose of this paragraph is to detail on day –to –day resista nce as a tool used by the slave societies to fight against their enslavement. While slaves taking off from their enslavers publicly showed their opposition to the status they were in, fellow slaves who choose to remain continued with other forms of resistance. These different approaches to opposition were shown throughout the slavery era on a daily basis. Most of them were hard to identify as intentional owing to their subtle nature. Many of these actions were

Organisations succeed when they develop competitive advantages Essay

Organisations succeed when they develop competitive advantages - Essay Example Competitive advantage is gained when companies can provide a better quality of products than other players in the same industry. Companies should consider strategies to deal with the markets that involve new routine and tact. Strategies like setting trend don’t are not likely to kick off well if there are other companies in the market already while imitating the already existing trends may not work especially if other organizations have turned to differentiating their own products. Depending on the specific products an organization is bringing into the market, it is important to realize other companies with the same product and differentiate them. Differentiating products by branding and advertising is a major step in peering through competition (Coker, 2000). It is also important to look into the different ways of expanding on the same product a firm is creating to be at a level ahead of the competition; for example when an aviation company extends to creating a school of avi ation to offer courses and training that is especially for their firm. It is also useful to consider taking your consumers’ needs into account and seeking their expectations, for example how they like to have their coffee, with creamer or not. This will enhance on further differentiation of products according to customers’ needs and aids with winning their loyalty. ... Organizations should also take advantage of public documents like analysts reports for public companies and into market analysis. When other rival companies experience certain challenges, they become opportunities for these companies. When those companies makes successes they yet open an opportunity to think of better unexploited chances that may extend from those of their counterparts. In strategizing, it is important to come up with a plan that works around your competitor’s weaknesses as well as their strengths. One should identify other companies’ weaknesses to make adjustments to them so they can be a step ahead and give their customers a reason to prefer their products. Knowing your counterparts strengths on the other hand, helps you realize how further than them you can get ahead when you use those strengths and upgrade them where you can. They should work around what the other firm is selling, what their resources are and how easy they obtain those resources. In situations where the resource availability is not favorable to the competitors for example raw material location favors your own company. This would be an opportunity to trade with your competitor and gain a little control over them. In other situations where companies have sole control of resources that are either rare or are delicate to handle or are too expensive to manage for example while dealing with precious stones like gold and diamond (Adcock, 2000). It is also important to consider the population of the market, how many people are being targeted for a particular product. If possible a large population of consumers only improve on the quantity of units sold and helps the companies establish a base of consumer loyalty. This base allows

John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King jr Essay

John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King jr - Essay Example As a result of their public awareness campaigns, the populous began questioning traditional values leading to emergence of new movements. The changes in the USA were part of a larger global trend that influenced humanity as a whole. During this period, there was the Cold War and Vietnam War, construction of the Berlin Wall in addition to the gaining of independence by former colonies was constructed. Therefore, John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. were a part of global revolutionists who were able to go with the changing nature of the world. John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy, known as Jack by members of family and close friends was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts to Joseph and Rose Kennedy a family of Irish Catholics (â€Å"John F. Kennedy†). Being from a wealthy family background, he grew up in a favorable environment where he was assured of the best educational facilities in addition to having a conducive economic and social environment given that he an d his siblings enjoyed the luxuries of attending elite private schools, sailboats, summers homes as well as having servants to tend to their needs ("John Fitzgerald"). Although he suffered various illnesses and health complications in the course of his childhood, these setbacks did not curtail John F. Kennedy’s educational ambitions as he was able to join Harvard University in 1936 (Kenney 12). During his Harvard University days, Kennedy’s father was the U.S. Ambassador to Great Britain, from where Kennedy gathered resources for his final thesis. Kennedy returned to the USA to finish his senior Harvard University where he worked on his thesis that afterwards amended and published with the title Why England Slept in which examines how the British government reacted to Hitler’s rise to power before, during and after the world war two. After Harvard University education, Kennedy enlisted into the American Navy in 1941 which catapulted him to national prominence whe n his motor torpedo boat PT 109 was sunk by a Japanese destroyer. Kennedy’s heroic act when he saved one remember of his crew although he had also sustained injuries in his back made him achieve greater accolades from the US public. Describing Kennedy’s actions Dallek sees Kennedy as the best unifying instance of American egalitarianism (98). Many in the US saw Kennedy as embodying how the country’s social relations between the rich and poor should function being child from a wealthy family who made a choice to voluntarily risk his life in the name of nation. Although, his family was grooming his elder brother, for political office, Kennedy was convinced by his family and friends to take a political career after his brother Joe died in the Second World War (Dallek 117). After the war, Kennedy’s main career objective was to join journalism profession where his first assignment was at the United Nations Conference in San Francisco as well as covering Potsda m Conference. A key element that made Kennedy’s political career in congressional, senatorial and presidential positions a success was his family’s wealth, influential national status and prestige in addition to the tales of his heroic acts during the world war two. Barnes notes financial support was central to Kennedy’s success in all these campaigns with his father being in charge of all financial

Caribbean history Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Caribbean history - Research Paper Example Preceding the European invasion, Caribbean region was densely inhabited with millions of native people. The period starting in 1492 realized a sudden influx of explorers that caused the natives to almost face a total extermination. Following this period, only a few native Indians survived, most of who relocated to the mountains far from European control (Beckles, & Verene, 3- 6). Here they intermingled with Africans escapees and other colonial rebels. The speedy decline of native Caribbean matched with the initial importation of slaves from Africa. Trans-Atlantic slave trade played the greatest role in these relocations, as it brought close to 11 million Africans to the Americas. Out of these African slaves, over 40percent were taken to the Caribbean were they greatly shaped the region's culture and population. This work explores the gradual changes that characterized the Caribbean slave societies as they struggled to oppose their enslavement and secure their freedom. The purpose of this paragraph is to detail various modes of resistance developed in plantation societies by field, domestic, and skilled slaves as well as the evolution of maroon societies. African fight against enslavement and captives’ revolt against the slavery conditions were a common reaction. According to the enslavers, ‘slaves were notoriously lazy and ill disposed to labor’ which suggest daily resistances as ubiquitous. (Beckles, & Verene, 12)The forms of resistances depicted by the enslaved Africans included: runaways, day to day resistance, adaptation and conspiracy. ‘RUN AWAYS’ Taking off was considered a common and most frequent act of resistance displayed by the enslaved throughout the slavery era in the Caribbean. In taking off, slaves in this region peacefully opposed their enslavement. This presented a gross mistake of subordination in the eyes of the slave masters who regarded every successful escape as serious failure in security. In addition, the act of running away depicted erosion of discipline which was established to maintain control and order among the enslaved. ‘Run aways’ caused the slave owners serious inconveniencies, while on the other side carried no negative implication on stability of the slave society (Beckles, & Verene, 65). In essence, ‘run aways’ served to deny the enslavers the much needed labor and at the same time signal those who remained behind to assert their power , thought to have significant impact on economic activities. The fact that all enslaved peoples needed freedom above all other things is no secret; the only puzzle remained on the issue of how one would accomplish such a desire. Individuals who successfully ran from their captures later came together on their own to form what is commonly referred as maroon communities (Engerman, Seymour and Robert, 23). . DAY –TO- DAY RESISTANCE The purpose of this paragraph is to detail on day –to –day resista nce as a tool used by the slave societies to fight against their enslavement. While slaves taking off from their enslavers publicly showed their opposition to the status they were in, fellow slaves who choose to remain continued with other forms of resistance. These different approaches to opposition were shown throughout the slavery era on a daily basis. Most of them were hard to identify as intentional owing to their subtle nature. Many of these actions were

John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King jr Essay

John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King jr - Essay Example As a result of their public awareness campaigns, the populous began questioning traditional values leading to emergence of new movements. The changes in the USA were part of a larger global trend that influenced humanity as a whole. During this period, there was the Cold War and Vietnam War, construction of the Berlin Wall in addition to the gaining of independence by former colonies was constructed. Therefore, John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. were a part of global revolutionists who were able to go with the changing nature of the world. John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy, known as Jack by members of family and close friends was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts to Joseph and Rose Kennedy a family of Irish Catholics (â€Å"John F. Kennedy†). Being from a wealthy family background, he grew up in a favorable environment where he was assured of the best educational facilities in addition to having a conducive economic and social environment given that he an d his siblings enjoyed the luxuries of attending elite private schools, sailboats, summers homes as well as having servants to tend to their needs ("John Fitzgerald"). Although he suffered various illnesses and health complications in the course of his childhood, these setbacks did not curtail John F. Kennedy’s educational ambitions as he was able to join Harvard University in 1936 (Kenney 12). During his Harvard University days, Kennedy’s father was the U.S. Ambassador to Great Britain, from where Kennedy gathered resources for his final thesis. Kennedy returned to the USA to finish his senior Harvard University where he worked on his thesis that afterwards amended and published with the title Why England Slept in which examines how the British government reacted to Hitler’s rise to power before, during and after the world war two. After Harvard University education, Kennedy enlisted into the American Navy in 1941 which catapulted him to national prominence whe n his motor torpedo boat PT 109 was sunk by a Japanese destroyer. Kennedy’s heroic act when he saved one remember of his crew although he had also sustained injuries in his back made him achieve greater accolades from the US public. Describing Kennedy’s actions Dallek sees Kennedy as the best unifying instance of American egalitarianism (98). Many in the US saw Kennedy as embodying how the country’s social relations between the rich and poor should function being child from a wealthy family who made a choice to voluntarily risk his life in the name of nation. Although, his family was grooming his elder brother, for political office, Kennedy was convinced by his family and friends to take a political career after his brother Joe died in the Second World War (Dallek 117). After the war, Kennedy’s main career objective was to join journalism profession where his first assignment was at the United Nations Conference in San Francisco as well as covering Potsda m Conference. A key element that made Kennedy’s political career in congressional, senatorial and presidential positions a success was his family’s wealth, influential national status and prestige in addition to the tales of his heroic acts during the world war two. Barnes notes financial support was central to Kennedy’s success in all these campaigns with his father being in charge of all financial

How does this section of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

How does this section of Romeo and Juliet Essay The characters are utilised by Shakespeare to highlight a sense of loss and desperation. The Captain who is a neutral figure, expresses a sense of remorse and sadness when he sees Romeo and Juliets dead bodies as a pitiful site, also illuminating a sense of universal suffering. Juliets newly dead body is used so that the agony and pain of her death is felt again universally. Romeo and Juliet are described as piteous woes which portrays them as one and as abstractions of sadness which emphasises the loss and despair of a romantic pair. The words trembles, sighs and weeps are listed characteristics of suffering used to highlight a sense of loss and nervousness. The shock and astonishment of Romeo and Juliets death is highlighted by the repetition of dead showing how unexpected this tragedy really was. Tybalts death is exaggerated when Romeo and Juliets marriage day is described as Tybalts doomesday increasing the magnitude of desperation and sadness. Shakespeare illuminates a paradox of joy and sadness between Tybalts untimely death and the new-made bride groom creating a contrast of joy and misery. There is a cruel irony when Juliets borrowed grave became her actual death bed. When this great tragedy was described as an accident it conveys the image of this great tragic love story as a minor and petty incident. Shakespeare uses the language of an important character to highlight a lack of gravitas and feeling in the text. Shakespeare uses flowers which represent nature, good health, love and positivity as a conventional image to highlight what this tragedy is all about. The last line describes everyone as being punished which again shows universal suffering. Shakespeare focuses the blame and responsibility on many people to emphasise the complexity of this tragedy. When the captain of the watch holds him in safety there is an air of suspicion that suggests that there will be blame given. The mattock and spade are both physical emblems of the Friars responsibility, showing the explicit direct blame and responsibility, of the Friar. The fact that the families are unaware adds a sense of mystery and shows more clearly the rushed fickle and spontaneous nature of the marriage. When Montague asks What further woe conspires against mine age? it shows bad luck, dual responsibility and the loss of youth and innocence. Shakespeare plays upon a maternal instinct when Juliet is described as a daughter for the first time, which is much less formal and emotional, conveying a real image of suffering and grieving. Shakespeare uses Romeo and Juliets stlen marriage day to portray a sense of immorality and negativity. When Juliet pined it reminds us of the rushed and hasty marriage. When Juliet is described as doing violence to her self, it presents to us a literal reading of suicide, but also lays a wider and inferred blame on Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare describes the nurse as privy to show the nurses responsibility in keeping secret. Shakespeare highlights a sense of resolution and end to trouble by conveying subtle hints through the use of his characters. There is a healing of a rift when Shakespeare uses Romeo and Juliets death to present a positive image of the families which is shown when Capulet says O brother Montague Which is used as a positive image of new unity and a bond between the two families. The statue in pure gold emphasises the preciousness and importance of this tragedy. Montague compliments the Capulets when he says true and faithful Juliet showing that despite all the sorrow and grief there is still a sense of positivity. The resolution is tarnished by the fact that it is still glooming but it still gives us a sense of peace and when the Prince who is neutral repeats this again which portrays a universal sense of suffering. The sun represents images of positivity and despite a sense of sadness and sorrow there is still a sense of calm and new peace. There is a sense of union and bonding when Balthasar says to the Prince to the same place, to this same monument showing the older generations past conflict and Balthasar represents youth and innocence so he also represents the ability to change attitudes and stop the rivalry and stubbornness that has become so ingrained. In this section Shakespeare uses tragic aspects to highlight tragedy towards the end. The Princes advice is to have patience and slow down which is an ironic reminder that Romeo and Juliets fatal flaw was that they rushed in to their love and marriage. Friar advised Romeo and Juliet to slow down and bear this work of heaven with patience but they still remained rushed which is Shakespeares way of reminding us of Romeos hubris. The Friar wants his old life to be sacrificed emphasising even more the loss of youth, innocence and change. There is a hint that the two families have not learnt anything from this great tragedy when Montague says I can give thee more which shows that the two families are still competitive and are both desperate to prove themselves better. There is an implication that they are still interested in materialism when the statue will be raised in pure gold which is another superficial attempt to show the power and wealth of the families. When this tragedy is described as a story it undermines the sense of real suffering and denigrates Romeo and Juliets love.

Human Social Welfare

Human Social Welfare Human Societies in general comprises different social classes with inhabitants ranging from privileged to under-privileged. There exist a number of philosophies to cater social needs of different establishments and in accordance with them people select their methodologies, policies and overall strategies History of Social Welfare and Social Work A program initiated with a vision to provide assistance, support, limited income and services that can benefit the needy in a society can be defined as undertaken for the social welfare. Societies face numerous problems especially the low-income families and those which have no income at all, social work involves analysis of practices suggested by social scientists, conducting research to understand the areas causing problems, evaluating solutions and devising strategies to improve the life of those suffering with poverty or injustice. Social work is aimed at proving social welfare as its focused at positively affecting human living conditions, life style, health, education, food ammunitions. Any government or non-governmental organization can start serving humanity with their social work aimed at the welfare of the people in their community. Providing each individual with quality education, every patient with proper medical facilities, goods and services at affordable prices, shelte r to tragedy striven, employment opportunities and assistance to old citizens are the services social welfare organizations usually provide to the humanity. According to the residual concept of social welfare an individual who has left with no other means of help from his family, work or any where else and has a cause to defend his need would be considered for the sustenance provided by the state. Welfare provision is often seen as being for the poor. This was the dominant model in English-speaking countries; the English Poor Law (1598-1948) was exported to many other countries. This has been taken as the model of a residual system of welfare, in which welfare is a safety net, confined to those who are unable to manage otherwise. (Spiker, 1995) In the light of institutional concept of social welfare state tries its best to protect people from the cost they would have to incur for their survival in an industrialized capitalist market, here the cause of need is not the driver but the need itself is. In this system every social class can be benefited. This concept serves the entire public by establishing development authorities, educational institutions, hospitals, military and law enforcement. UK and Sweden practice Institutional concept of welfare for its state. There is a concept of liberalism in United States that emphasizes on individual liberty strictly denying restrictions imposed by state, religion or social structures. This liberalism has three classes, classic, social and neo liberalism. Classic liberalism emphasizes strongly over individual liberty and minimum hold of state. The philosophy here supports individual rights of property, free trade, and the decision one makes out of his rational mind-set. Social liberalism has an added economic and social aspect of politics. It highlights the need for the whole society to preserve individuals right of liberty. Its usually been applied in mixed economies and with government providing services to private enterprises conducting their business and consumer services. Its philosophers consider lack of basic human needs like education, health and employment triggers the threat to individual as well as social liberty. Neoliberalism suggests economic liberty as the foundation of economic develop ment for any nation. Income taxes, individuals right of property, deregulation, trade liberalization etc are the pre-requisites of neoliberalism. Conservative philosophers believe in the rule of law over liberty and individual rights. They consider implication of law mandatory on the economic, political and social ideology of people. Classical conservatism prioritize legacy of laws over individuals speculated rational decisions. It has tradition and religion codes focused at the perseverance of both. In fiscal conservatism there is a limit to all the taxes, government intervention and budgetary laws. Social conservatism is centered at preserving social norms and cultural values. Judeo Christian system has a concept of sharing value system common to both the religion. The Jew considers Christians as adopters of some of the values from their faith. The concept of merging belief system could also serve humanitarian values as it increases the tolerance for people belonging to different religion, creating acceptability among communities and bring peace. American system is Judeo Christian with the history that founders of the nati on were more of the believers of being heirs to the Old Testament, the Hebrew Bible and the belief in liberty. This sense of mission is why more Americans have died for the liberty of others than any other nations soldiers. It is why those who today most identify with the Judeo-Christian essence of America are more likely to believe in the moral worthiness of dying to liberate countries not only Europe, but Korea, Vietnam and Iraq. That is why America stands alone in protecting two little countries threatened with extinction, Israel and Taiwan. (Prager, 2004, p.5764) The concept is extending to introduce Judeo Christian- Muslim. Even Islamic teachings concentrates on spreading peace on earth rather then promoting terrorism which is the exploitation of the essence of the religion by those who are the enemies of world peace and stability. The Poor Laws in England identified poor as belonging to three groups, those who cant work at all, those who cant find work and those who were not willing to work. A poor relief fund was created and workhouses for able-poor while the idle ones were punished. Elizabeth Poor law of 1601 formularized the relief process by creating a collectivist national system made by imposing taxes and provided services to poor. The deserving poor were provided with food, money and even clothing. Those who needed work were placed at workhouses and were even given places to live while those that were not willing to work were sent to houses of correction. A parish was responsible for identifying and providing sustenance to its poor. The alms provided outside the workhouse were called outdoor relief. Some economists consider American Poor Law comparable to English poor Law reform of 1834. According to a critic Stephen Pimpare Visiting Assistant Professor Department of Political Science Hunter College CUNY: During these periods of profound economic transformation, they used similar arguments to make ending or restricting relief an act of compassion, not cruelty, thus giving political viability and moral legitimacy to their self-serving cause. Such propaganda was disseminated through similar kinds of well-funded and well-connected organizations of â€Å"experts,† which functioned as mediating institutions, linking their funders, the media, and the political system; those funders remained behind the scenes during these battles, achieving their goals by dressing their economic campaigns in moral rhetoric. (Pimpare, 2003) Protestant ethics is being considered as an evolutionary force behind capitalism. Unlike other religion it encouraged the followers to pursue economic growth. Under this view Economic gain was focused, activities for the pursuit of worldly benefits was encouraged and given positive meaning. Some critics condemn such behavior of protestant preachers as being aimed at saving their position by establishing opportunities like material growth appreciable in religion. Laissez-Faire introduces an economic concept which rejects the intervention by the government in the form of taxes and other charges that are above then the one required to carry the specified services like individual rights, peace and security government is supposed to provide. It stresses the need of individual rights, personal freedom and free market. States unnecessary regulation and protection skims the profits and leave business world dissatisfied. Reference: Pimpare, S. (2003, Aug) The Poor Law Strikes Home?  Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia Marriott Hotel, Philadelphia, PA Online Retrieved 2008-02-24 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p62621_index.html Prager, D. (2004) â€Å"What does Judeo-Christian mean?†. Jewish World View 8 Nissan, 5764, Retrieved 2008-03-04 from http://focusonjerusalem.com/whatdoesjudeo-christianmean.html Spiker, P. (1995) â€Å"Social Policy and Administration†. Social policy: themes and Approaches, Retrieved 2008-03-04 from http://www2.rgu.ac.uk/publicpolicy/introduction/socpolf.htm

Of mice and men Essay examples -- essays research papers

Of Mice and Men   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of Mice and Men was written during a period of racism. In the 1960's it was important for everyone to get along with eachother because not everyone was equal. George and Lennie showed a great part in friendship throught the whole book. At the ranch in Selinas mostly everyone showed friendship in some way. Friendship was a great factor when the book was published because of all the racism going on at the time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Friendship has a big part to do with Lennie and George’s dream of owning a small farm and raising animals. George and Lennie both set their mind to accomplish their dream and go to work on a ranch for little pay. Another friend of George overhears George and Lennie talking about their idea, Candy offers to put in his monthly wage to buy the farm as long as he lives on it. Lennie and George have to go through many things on the farm and still stick together like brothers. Curley, the son of the boss, runs most of the ranch and has a mean attitude towards George and Lennie, George then realizes that no one cares for Lennie like he does. George and Curley’s wife create a strong bond throughout the book , but George wants nothing to do with it because he is there to accomplish his goal not to start relationships. Many factors in this book show a sense of friendship in some way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both George and Lennie build a strong friendship with the men at the ranch even though it m...

El Duche De Corum Est :: Papers

El Duche De Corum Est The poem Dulche et Decorum Est is about Wilfred Owen (a war poet) who describes in his own experiences, what the war was like. Verse one describes how the soldiers are returning to base camp. Owen uses a slow halting rhythm to suggest how much pain and misery the soldiers are encountering and to imitate how slow are walking. He does this by using punctuation. Verse one tells us a lot about the condition, both physically and mentally, of the men and it gives us an idea of the appalling conditions!. He uses similes such as, "Bent double, like hags"; this illustrates how many of the men fall ill. The poet's choice of vocabulary in verse one is very effective in portraying the state of the soldiers. He uses words such as sludge, trudge, and haunting to describe the harsh conditions of the battlefield. The rhythm in verse two suddenly increases, this displays the soldiers panic during the gas attack! Punctuation is used to create this faster rhythm, exclamation marks and short sentences suddenly speed up the pace. This gives the reader an image of the weary soldiers suddenly changing into panic-stricken men. It means that the reader feels that they are involved in what is happening! "Gas! Gas! Quick boys!" direct speech is used to create panic. Owen also uses words such as stumbling, floundering, and fumbling to describe the desperate actions of the dying man. The verbs such as yelling and drowning give the reader a feeling of chaos. "As under a green sea, I saw him drowning", this describes how the gas causes a thick green misty haze around the men. This is a useful phrase as it enables us to imagine what is happening and use our imagination. It also gives us a sense of how real it all is in his vivid descriptions. Owens guilt is suggested in the line, "In all my dreams before my helpless sight, He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning". The fact that he dreams about this

Destructive Nature of Typhoon Quinta Essay

Geological Factors that contributed to the destructive nature of Typhhon Quinta that hit Iloilo and Capiz last month and measure to address these problems: A Reaction Paper With 52,172 families (251,152 persons) affected, many Filipinos celebrated their recent holiday vacations with grief as Typhoon Quinta hit the Phlippines destroying millions of properties and owing 15 people their lives. Millions of pesos worth of agricultural crops and infrastructures were also damaged in 544 barangays of the 40 municipalities and four component cities of Negros Occidental, Iloilo, Capiz, and Aklan. Typhoon Quinta brought more devastation to many towns in Iloilo and Capiz compared to Typhoon Frank as far as flood water is concerned. Waters from Suague River which originates from the mountains of Janiuay and Jalaur River in Calinog engulfed towns along its way towards the sea especially after combining as one river in the Municipality of Mina even though Tigum and Aganan Rivers did not overflow it s banks. Towns of Pototan, Barotac Nuevo, Dingle, Dueà ±as, Dumangas, and Zarraga located downstream were devastated as the waters of the combined rivers made flood water levels relatively higher than that of Typhoon Frank’s. The natural recipe for flooding is that a day before a heavy downpour is hours of light rain as a forward effect of an incoming typhoon which will saturate the upper ground portion. When the typhoon comes in bringing with it heavy rains at 20 mm/hr., the ground cannot accept anymore the additional heavy downpour. So instead of a 9 percent penetration with 91 percent run off of overload flow, it will now be 1 percent penetration with 99 percent of the heavy rain as storm water runs off, hence a heavy surge of water across the land which we experience as flood. Now what hit most towns north of Pavia appears to be heavy rains of about 15 to 20 mm/hour. Trees play a very vital role together with watersheds in relation to flooding. The leaves of trees act as cushion to rain so that it will fall slowly and that by falling slowly, rain will gently reach the ground surface preventing compaction and therefore allowing more time to infiltrate the ground to be part of the underground regime. A study conducted for the Aganan and Tigum watersheds made by a hydro-geology consulting firm, Sweco, hired by MWID in 1997 showed that a hundred years ago, rain infiltration was 15 percent but at the time of study, it declined to only 9 percent. This was mainly because of the reduced forest cover and the increase of impermeable surfaces such as roads, basketball courts,  houses, and other structures which prevent the effective infiltration of rain into the ground. In addition, a watershed is a land area where rain falls and is drained by a river system, hence the Suague watershed is that mountain portion in Janiuay where rainfall is drained by the S uague River which passes the town proper before merging with Jalaur River which also drains a separate mountainous area. The best watershed in the country would be the rainforests found only in remote mountains in Mindanao, however, such are already fast vanishing. These are virgin forests with trees of hundreds or thousands of years old with thick undergrowth of vines and shrubs. The top soil is composed of thick decayed vegetation that if one jumps on it, the entire top soil up to 20 meters away vibrates and behave like a sponge and therefore a very good absorbent of rainfall. For us to restore our watersheds to rainforest condition there should be a strict implementation of the rule of absence of human activities because the mere planting of trees already seemed to be not enough. Raising cows and carabaos in the Tigum watershed must be prohibited so that the ground will not be compacted and people will not frequent the mountains. The rise of flood waters in Typhoon Quinta was so fast that in just a matter of minutes, it reached 5 to 8 feet high. This is basically because our rainforests are in a bad condition. The condition of our watersheds in the mountain determines the timing of the release of storm water towards the plain of lowland where population centers are located. If our mountains are fully-covered with trees and there is undergrowth of vines and shrubs plus an increase in rain penetration, then the flow of water towards the rivers will be gradual instead of a surge thus preventing a destructive flood. With increased globalization and modernization, our economy cannot afford to be left out by the rest of the world. Of course, we must also keep up with technological innovations. However, we must not forget our responsibilities in protecting our environment. We must not put into risk the future of the next generations that would inhabit the world but instead, we must take into consideration the concept of sustainable development. Our government should pass and strictly enforce laws that maintain hydro-geological conditions of our rainforests before and after any developments in infrastructures. Also, we citizens must be cooperative in these efforts of the government and must follow these rules. Typhoon Quinta highlighted the importance of disaster  preparedness. We must always keep in mind what National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Administrator Usec. Benito Ramos said: â€Å"the typhoon should teach us to be always prepared and it is a lesson for all of us that whenever there is a weather disturbance anywhere in the Philippines, there is no place that will not be affected.† The bottomline is, what we need is discipline and a sense of responsibility. Whatever happens in this world, we, its inhabitants, always have something to do with it. If only we’ll be disciplined enough to impose and follow rules, and be responsible to take care of this only place where we can live, then we won’t be facing such disasters and surely, we’ll live in this world safe and sound. References: http://www.thedailyguardian.net/index.php/iloilo-opinion/22314-why-the-unusual-flood-from-quinta http://www.ugnayan.com/ph/gov/PIA/article/2SXZ

Flash On Mobile Phones

Introduction:The basic manner of communicating in these yearss is MOBILE and it has become a demand of common adult male these yearss because of its variable characteristics and the use rate of this medium has increased quickly as observed from past few old ages. There are many companies in the market that design and come up with new engineerings that could be induced into these appliances covering all the characteristics like Bluetooth connectivity, WLAN and many other characteristics and these yearss the Mobiles are designed to vie with computing machines there are few Mobiles in the market that could be used as a pocket Personal computer every bit good in this ways there are many scopes and types of Mobiles that could fit to the demands of persons. The characteristics which are at that place in the nomadic phones are being used by the corporate companies likevideocool.comwhich are seeking to spread out their concern by marketing their merchandises over these nomadic phones.Flash Lite:Flash lite is the package version which has been created and developed by Macromedia specifically for usage on nomadic devices. The flash lite package came into being and was created in the twelvemonth 2003 by macromedia It ‘s fundamentally called as an adobe flash and it is a package being used for the assorted Mobile and consumer applications which benefits ‘ the maker and developers. The first version of flash lite which has been launched is Flash Lite 1.0 and it was released in February 2003 ab initio it was designed merely for few nomadic French telephones like â€Å"NTT DoC0Mo 505i† in Japan at that clip it was designed to set brassy content on to nomadic phones so that it would be utile in selling.Why Use Flash On Mobile Phones? :Flash is used in nomadic phones to develop rich, originative artworks which are synergistic with users and which are user friendly.The applications which are developed by utilizing flash are easy to market and it takes less clip to market them and even the cost involved in making and developing them is even less compared to that of creative activity of same applications in either JAVA or C++ . One of the major advantage of the use of Flash platform on a P.C is the 1 million + developing group who have the experience of making and developing games, lifes and e-learning applications. The same sort of content is besides required for the nomadic market so it is easy for a brassy developer to utilize the same accomplishment set used in P.C to utilize in Mobiles in order to develop content for nomadic devices. As with Flash on the desktop, Flash Lite besides gives user the power to make content of their ain wish The lone restriction is one ‘s ain creativeness.Versions of Flash:Since flash has been released there have been many developments and every clip new versions of flash have been released. * Flash Lite1.1whichsupports flash4 ‘s Action Script. * Flash Lite2.0, which is based on Flash Player7, and it supports the new action book of Flash7 * Flash Lite3is developed based on Flash8. In the procedure of making a promo for thevideocool.comthe nomadic phones we have used the brassy lite package as an of import toll which is used by the systems to supply the connexion between the many persons or multiple applications such as pictures and YouTube. By utilizing the flashlite we can play the online picture without holding any other new participants because of this grounds we can see that the stigmatization chances can be increased. Flashlite is package which could every bit vie with the J2ME and brew flashlite is a engineering which us non same as the Mobile operating system where as in it is the engineering by utilizing which we can develop the applications that could be seen on the nomadic operating system. Flashlite is a development that could replace the j2me or that could be seen on the top of Java ME. By utilizing flashlite could do the package proving truly easy when compared with the other systems In the flashlite the excess artworks and lifes could be used without losing the in writing quality. Furthermore brassy lite is more flexible and can even back up pictures which are of higher quality, flash is easy to work on as it deals with the artworks sideKeies used:* HOME-this key is used to voyage to the chief bill of fare. * NEXT-this is used to voyage to the following page. * MOVIES-once we click on this it automatically displays the list of pictures which are available to be viewed. * SONGS-after clicking on this a list of vocals which are available is displayed. * SPORTS-used to see pictures of athleticss.Report on market research & A ; analysis:As seen above we see that the use of flashlite is really high on the latest nomadic phones and when market study is done are by comparing the present state of affairs we can calculate that within two more old ages at that place would be developing application utilizing the flashlite package. The chief advantage of utilizing brassy lite is that it is really simple to utilize and easy in application and even a little child can shop the files which are available on the web site. As we know that YouTube pictures can be watched on the nomadic phones by diminishing the declaration of picture, so this could be greater accomplishment of package and there could be a development on this facet in close hereafter and picture which are of higher quality can besides be played in nomadic phones. More over due to the initiation of WLAN into the Mobiles through which web browse is made easy, and we can link to internet wherever it is possible to link i.e in hot spots. There are chiefly two package ‘s which are used to implement artworks on nomadic phones they are * Flash Lite * J2ME ( JAVA ) Flash lite has many versions the version which we are utilizing isFL CS4Professional which is the latest version released in the flash light application. In this version there are many types of devices i.e copycats which are used to bring forth our end product or watch the picture which are on the web site, nowadays about all of the nomadic devices support flash picture. Flash lite is really simple to plan and is user friendly and.Generally when J2ME and flashlite compared flashlite has an advantage with all benefits of array, maps, twins and text field etc.there would be speedy developments on this application utilizing brassy IDE. In future, there would be different development on vector based artworks life and artworks which would do flashlite as the best package in the close hereafter through its traveling good now. But in general people use to prefer a flash participant to play video files alternatively of Java as in Java cryptography is more complicated when compared to blink as it uses artworks instead than complicated cryptography. Microsoft is working on â€Å"SILVERLIGHT† , a tool similar to Adobe ‘s Flash, which should finally go compatible with devices running on its Windows Mobile platform. Nokia had earlier announced that it is working on doing â€Å"SILVERLIGHT† compatible with Symbian S60, a platform on which the seller ‘s smart phones work.