Chemistry Chapter One Flashcards Example for Free

Chemistry Chapter One Gaining knowledge based on observation Biological science and physical science Study of things that are/were alive Botany- plants Zoology- animals Mycology- fungi Microbiology- microorganisms Chemistry-matter and its properties/reactions Physics- relationship between matter and energy Nature does not have categories of science, but†¦ Categories help us organize the information There are many combinations or cross overs of†¦ These categories of science (example: biochemistry) Study of composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes Organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and theoretical chemistry Study of most carbon containing compounds Study of properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy Identification of the components and composition of materials Study of substances and processes occurring in living things Use of mathematics and computers to understand principles behind chemical behavior Basic research, applied research, technological development Research for the sake of increasing knowledge Research that involves production and use of products that improve quality of life Property that does not depend on the amount of substance (example: color, texture, density) Property that depends on the amount of the substance (example: mass, volume, length) Characteristics that can be observed without change the identity of the substance (example: color of nails is silver) Cannot be observed without changing the identity of the substance (example: rust, decomposable, flammable) Phase map in order from lowest kinetic energy to highest Degenerate matter, Bose-Einstein condensate, solid, liquid, gas, plasma, Quark-Gluon plasma Highly compressed matter existing in cores of massive stars Gasous superfluid formed by atoms and cooled to absolute zero, strongest intermolecular energy, close and strong molecules Definite shape and volume, formula units closely packed Definite volume, shape of container, formula units close and in random arrangement Takes volume and shape of container, formula units are far apart Building blocks of matter existing in soup Forces between molecules, responsible for phases Plasma, to gas, to liquid, to solid†¦ and gas to solid Deionization, condensation, freezing†¦ and deposition Plasma, to gas, to liquid, to solid†¦ and gas to solid are referred to as what? Solid, to liquid, to gas, to plasma†¦ and solid to gas Melting, evaporation, ionization†¦ and sublimation What is the purpose of a glossary and appendix? Glossary- Defines words in back of textbook Appendix- Sections append in back of textbook -Symbol is capitalized -If there are two letters, the second letter is lowercase Diatomic- H2, O2, N2, Group 17/7A/VII, F2, Cl2, I2, Br2, At2 Others- S8 (sulfur), P4 (phosphorus), O3 (ozone), Se8 (selenium) Rest are monotomic- Look up symbol Title, legend, type of measurements, units Outer cone- limited gas, lots of air Inner cone- mix of gas and air Base cone- limited air, lots of gas Long hair pulled back, goggles, closed shoes, long pants, long sleeved shirt, apron Has mass and occupies space (make pure substance and mixtures) Two or more kinds of formula units -heterogenous or homogenous -homogenous: acid, base, salt, alloy One kind of formula unit, during its phase change temperature stays the same until the change is complete -element or compound -element: metals, metalloid, non-metals -compound: covalent and ionic bonds Metal made by combining two or more metallic elements (example: brass, bronze, steel, iron) Malleable, ductile, good conductor of heat and electricity, shiny, high melting point Nonmalleable (brittle), not ductile, poor conductor of heat and electricity, dull An element whose properties are intermediate between solid nonmetals (both metal and nonmetal) Hold dropper vertically to get same size drops, squeeze bulb with uniform pressure, never stick dropper into water Turn hand over, grasp stopper between two finger, handle bottle with same hand, never put stopper on counter Heating a test tube in a burner flame Tube should be no more than 1/3 full, hold at angle, move back and forth (heating from side to side) Filtering a precipitate from a liquid Put in clean funnel, moisten with distilled water to hold in place, decant liquid from top of solid Mistake that happens to only on or a few groups in a lab Part of the experiment and happens to all groups Fractional charged subatomic particles that make up larger subatomic particles Up, down, strange, charm, top, and bottom Constructed with an inlet with an adjustment for amount of air, and amount of gas. Proper mixture yields faint blue flame for maximum heat and minimum soot What is meant by the word chemical? Substance with definite composition Physical chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry Mass-Measure of the amount of matter Matter- Anything that has mass and takes up space How does a pure compound differ from a mixture? Compound is consistent and has properties of itself. Mixtures retain properties of what makes it up Characteristic that defines an entire group of substances How are properties useful in classifying materials? Properties can be used to distinguish substances and separate them Difference between extensive and intensive property Extensive depends on matter that is present and intensive does not Distinguish physical and chemical change PC- change in substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance CC- change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances Change in the object. Whether solid, liquid, or gas. Changing form Quark-Gluon Plasma- Top Degenerate matter- Bottom Where are metals and nonmetals on a periodic table? Metals- Left side Nonmetals- Right side Cannot be separated into simpler means What is the name of a new substance and different formula? What is the name of the same substance and different formula? If it’s a pure substance, how do you identify the melting or freezing point? If it’s a mixture, how do you identify the melting or freezing range? How do melting and freezing points of a pure substance compare? 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